Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a prevalent herpesvirus that infects a large portion of the global population. CMV infection is typically asymptomatic in healthy individuals but can cause severe complications, particularly in immunocompromised individuals such as transplant recipients and those with HIV/AIDS. Congenital CMV infection is a leading cause of birth defects and developmental disabilities. Given its widespread prevalence and potential for serious health implications, molecular detection of CMV has become crucial for clinical diagnosis, monitoring of at-risk individuals, and public health interventions. Various molecular techniques, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), are employed for sensitive and specific detection of CMV DNA, facilitating early diagnosis and timely intervention to mitigate associated risks.